Abraham Lincoln, Slavery and the American Civil War Essay

This investigation will analyze how Abraham Lincolns view on slavery reflected during and after the American Civil War from 1861 to 1865. To analyze exactly how Lincolns position on slavery affected the war overall, this investigation looks at Lincolns moral and religious views as well as his social and political views. Two main sources were used, both dealing with events relevant to his political career and his roots in his career and other important issues including slavery. Lincoln by David Herbert Donald tells a deep and detailed story on all aspects of his life and career. Abraham Lincoln and the Union deals with his struggle towards Union victory. Both Lincoln and Abraham Lincoln and the Union will be evaluated for their values,†¦show more content†¦Others suggested he take a softer position on slavery he responded forcefully with these words: â€Å"Let there be no compromise on the question of extending slavery.† Lincoln had a firm position and didnt deviate f rom it: every time a slave bill was passed, he proceeded to vote against the spread of slavery. The separation between North and South revolved around this â€Å"peculiar institution.† In the South, Slavery was used heavily in the economy. Lincoln said that Slavery and abolitionists cannot coexist if there were to be a Union. This â€Å"house,† or Union collapsed quickly. The Souths secession was the main concern with Lincoln in office. The idea of a split was horrifying and to keep the Union and to defend the Constitution was Lincolns first priority. It had come to his attention that freeing the slaves had to be done in late 1862. At the time Abraham Lincoln was known as President Lincoln and Commander in Chief. In January of 1863, Lincoln gave an executive order known as the Emancipation Proclamation as a necessary action of war. Using his elevated power, he addressed the shortcomings of Congress, who couldnt effectively control slavery, and declared all â€Å"per sons held as slaves... shall not then be practically recognized [as slaves ... but are] forever... free.† The Emancipation Proclamation went beyond the attempts of Congress to control slavery as in the Second Confiscation Act of 1862. Some direct effectsShow MoreRelatedEssay on Abraham Lincoln - the Greatest President1069 Words   |  5 PagesAbraham Lincoln There have been forty four U.S. presidents over the past two hundred and twenty years. What president has served the best for our country? None other than Abraham Lincoln. 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Anti-competitive activity in the single market - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 2895 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Economics Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Title: Discuss the effectiveness of Articles 81 and 82 of the EC Treaty in preventing distortions to the operation of the single market ANSWER In The Wealth of Nations [1], published in 1776, Adam Smith reasoned that countries should strive towards the economic goal of a perfectly free market. He argued that a market undistorted by impediments and barriers to the free play of trade would allow the most efficient and successful producers to perform at an optimum capacity and produce substantial economic benefits for all participants in the market, and he stressed that such benefits could not be obtained in markets where competitive conditions had not been optimised. The European Union adopted this theory from its inception in the 1950s in the form of the European Economic Community. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Anti-competitive activity in the single market" essay for you Create order The competition law provisions of the Treaty of Rome[2] have always been fundamental to the organisationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s philosophy and drive towards the integration and refinement of the national economies of its member states and thus of the combined economy of the Single Market, which grew out of the Common Market when the EU itself was established by the Treaty on European Union (Maastricht Treaty) in 1992.[3] The main competition law rules, which are now to be found in Articles 81 and 82 EC[4] are directed at controlling the behaviour of private firms. These articles will be explained and discussed in turn. Article 81 EC: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Community Cartel Busterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ It is obvious that a market is likely to be distorted if undertakings which under normal, healthy competitive conditions should be operating in competition with one another choose instead to cooperate with each other in order to manipulate the market in their favour. This form of cooperati on inevitably causes laxity and weaknesses in the flux of trade which negatively affects the market as a whole serves to impact on the interests of consumers served by the market. Consequently the European Union maintains a comprehensive prohibition on such cooperative activity in the form of Article 81. This Article is assiduously enforced and swingeing penalties can and are imposed on companies found to infringe it. The text of Article 81(1) states as follows: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The following shall be prohibited as incompatible with the common market: all agreements between undertakings, decisions by associations of undertakings and concerted practices which may affect trade between Member States and which have as their object or effect the prevention, restriction or distortion of competition within the common market, and in particular those which: a) directly or indirectly fix purchase or selling prices or any other trading conditions; b) limit or control production, mar kets, technical development, or investment; c) share markets or sources of supply; d) apply dissimilar conditions to equivalent transactions with other trading parties, thereby placing them at a competitive disadvantage; e) make the conclusion of contracts subject to acceptance by the other parties of supplementary obligations which, by their nature or according to commercial usage, have no connection with the subject of such contracts.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Following from this wide-ranging and far-reaching clause, Article 81(2) provides that any agreements or decisions covered are automatically void. Of course, a provision is only as effective as its practical interpretation and application.. Consonant with the overarching objectives of the European Union of market integration and efficiency, the European Court of Justice has consistently shown itself prepared to interpret the essential concepts and terms of Article 81 with full contextual and purposive force. This interpre tative policy has been adopted so as to lend the provision the greatest possible scope and utility in its role as a guardian of market competitiveness. The term à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“undertakingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  is for example, central to the application of the provision. It is left undefined in the Treaty but the European Court has chosen to interpret the word in the widest conceivable sense to embrace à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“any legal or natural person engaged in some form of commercial or economic activityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ : Commercial Solvents Corp v Commission.[5] Many different forms of entity have been deemed to constitute à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"undertakingsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ for the purposes of the provision, hence allowing its application. These include public undertakings where they are found to participate in commercial activity as in the case Bodson v Pompes Funebres des Regions Liberees[6]. Partnerships were also found covered by the term in Commission Decision (73/323) Re William Prym-Werk e[7]. Interestingly, economically active individuals including for example an opera singer in Re Unitel[8] and an inventor in AOIP/Beyrard[9] have also been ruled to qualify as undertakings. Moreover, in circumstances where such act in a commercial or quasi-commercial endeavour even non-profit making organisations and charitable organisations can be held to constitute undertakings: see Commission Decision GVL.[10] The scope and power of Article 81 can be underlined by the fact that due to the European Court of Justiceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s application of the principle of extraterritoriality, even companies based exclusively outside the European Union and its Single Market can be brought to book under the competition provision if their activity falls within Article 81 and it has an anti-competitive impact on the flux of trade within the Community. The Ahlstrom (Wood Pulp)[11] case involved companies based in Scandinavia (which at the time of the litigation was still outside the EU) and North America that had conspired to manipulate prices for wood pulp which had artificially influenced the EU market. The Commission initiated Article 81 action against the companies and the European Court found against them, grounding its jurisdiction on the location of the effect of the behaviour of the companies and not on the location of the companies themselves. The Article 81 provision that agreements must be between undertakings is also very generously interpreted and applied so as to give full expansive force to the prohibition. It is submitted that the only situation in which the Court of Justice will typically refrain from acting against companies in a cooperative relationship is where those companies are in a parent-subsidiary situation. The reason for this is that such companies to all intents and purposes combine to comprise a single economic unit and therefore no competitive relationship would usually exist to be compromised in the first place. An example can be found in Centrafarm BV v Sterling Drug Inc[12]. In similar fashion, the effectiveness of Article 81 has been ensured by the Court of Justice by its definition of the central concept of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“agreementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  as between undertakings. In the case of ACF Chemiefarma NV v EC Commission[13], for example, the Court expressly stated that even a so-called à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"gentlemanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s understandingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ between competitive companies would justify prohibitive sanction if it was found to amount to: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the faithful expression of the joint intention of the parties to the agreement with regard to their conduct in the Common Market.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  As for the concept of agreement itself, the utility and efficacy of the prohibition is also maintained by the fact that the European Court does not concern itself with the distinction between vertical and horizontal agreements in its application of Article 81. Vertical agreements can be defined as those between undertakings at different levels of the market. Such an agreement might be made between a manufacturer and a wholesaler or retailer, and a tying or tied agreement is one example. On the other hand, a horizontal agreement is deemed to be those which are struck between undertakings operating at the same level of industry. Horizontal agreements therefore include those made between two manufacturers or two wholesalers in a market, and such arrangements might amount to, for example, price fixing. The point is that the Court is unconcerned with the differences between the two classes of agreement: both forms of cooperation are potentially anti-competitive and both are accordingly prohibited as detrimental to the free play of commerce in the Single Market. Article 81 also includes the concept of the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"concerted practiceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. This is clearly in place to allow the Court of Justice to rule against undertakings who attempt to avoid even th e loose interpretation of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"agreementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ by operating deliberately secretive, subtle and casual arrangements between themselves.. However, the efficacy of Article 81 is such that even this much less tangible species of collusion than agreements or decisions is caught by the provision. Cooperatieve Vereniging Suiker Unie UA Ors v EC Commission[14] is a leading case on the issue, where the court stressed that a concerted practice would be found where 3 elements are found to co-exist: 1. Coordination in some form must replace the independent action between undertakings; 2. Coordination must be maintained by some form of contact, be it direct or indirect; 3. The object of the coordination must be to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"remove in advance any uncertainty as to the future conduct of their competitorsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. All of these concepts are very generously applied with the aim of promoting the effectiveness and reach of Article 81. Article 82 EC Article 82 operates in partnership with Article 81 in regulating the Single Market. As stated, Article 81 endeavours to promote effective competition in the Union marketplace by prohibiting multilateral coordination, anti-competitive agreements and other economic collusions between undertakings. Article 82 in turn provides a control mechanism applicable to the unilateral conduct of single firms that enjoy what is referred to as a dominant position in the markets in which they operate.. It is argued that this simple division of responsibility and scope lends a cogent symbiosis to the relationship between these two central provisions of EU competition law. Article 82 states as follows: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Any abuse by one or more undertakings of a dominant position within the common market or in a substantial part of it shall be prohibited as incompatible with the common market in so far as it may affect trade between Member States.. Such abuse may, in particular, consist in a) directly or indirectly imposing unfair purchase or selling prices or other unfair trading conditions; b) limiting production, markets or technical development to the prejudice of consumers; c) applying dissimilar conditions to equivalent transactions with other trading parties, thereby placing them at a competitive disadvantage; d) making the conclusion of contracts subject to acceptance by the other parties of supplementary obligations which, by their nature or according to commercial usage, have no connection with the subject of such contracts.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  There is a manifest justification for Article 82. If an ordinary competitive firm attempts to do business on unreasonable trading terms or charge excessively high prices for its goods in a competitive market, the market will react in such a way as to ensure that the firm simply loses business and is forced to reconsider its policies or fail. However, if the undertaking has a dominant position (an economically powerful position defined by market share) within the relevant market it may have the freedom to act in such a way as to manipulate the market to its own ends without being subject to a market reaction that causes it to change its harmful business practices. Article 82 is designed to deal with just this situation, and it is submitted that it does so effectively when employed. As has been observed, the key terms and concepts of Article 81 EC are augmented by teleological and contextual interpretation. Precisely the same policy is adopted by the European Court of Justice in relation to the fundamental terms of Article 82, and for precisely the same reasons of market integrity, integration and efficiency. As in the case of all prohibitions, the effectiveness of Article 82 should be measured by its application. Market dominance is measured once the Court of Justice has defined the so-called relevant product market, which will be the specific product range and specific area within the Single Market in which it is claimed that dominance is enjoyed by the undertaking in question. As Michelin v EC Commission[15] illustrated, a product market will be found to include any product which is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“equivalent to or interchangeable for the specific product being marketed by the dominant companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . This test is fundamental to the efficacy of Article 82 for compelling tactical reasons. The ultimate size and scope of the product market defined will typically be the determining factor in whether a company is considered dominant within it, with all the entailed consequences of that finding.. The interests of the Single Market consumer are considered paramount by the European Court in this regard. Product interchangeability with other products is judged from the vantage point of the consumer, taking into account the characteristics, price and uses of the product in question. Article 82 litigation is won and lost on this technical aspect of the pr ohibition. Allegedly dominant undertakings seek to contend that broad consumer preferences and uses should be adopted, for the reason that this inevitably increases the size of the relevant product market and therefore dilutes the undertakingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s dominance within it, making sanction under Article 92 less likely. On the other hand, the European Commission is usually at pains to argue that narrowly defined consumer preferences and uses should be adopted to reduce the size of the market for review and thus concentrate the undertakingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s market power within it. The issue of product interchangeability therefore necessitates an investigation into whether the scrutinised product can be replaced by other goods that satisfy the same consumer uses, expectations and demands. As Europemballage Corp and Continental Can v EC Commission[16] illustrates, if a product can be substituted then the product under review is deemed to constitute part of a larger product m arket which includes all those products found to be freely interchangeable with each other. If, because of its individual characteristics, a product cannot be easily replaced or substituted by other goods, it is deemed to form a relevant product market on its own. Given the fact that the European Court of Justice habitually prefers interpretations of EC competition law that reinforce and underpin the power of the Treaty, it can come as no surprise that the Commission normally wins the argument on market definition.. As stated, narrow market definition means it is easier to find dominance which in turn means that Article 82 can be successfully applied in more cases. The seminal case of United Brands v Commission[17] saw the Court hold that the banana formed a product market all of its own, independent to that of other fresh fruit, because it was ruled that bananas had unique qualities that distinguished them from other fruit. Taking the perspective of the consumer, the Court found that the size, shape and softness of bananas made them particularly attractive to certain ends of the market, including the elderly and the very young (which share a distinct lack of teeth necessary for the consumption of firmer kinds of fruit.) EU Competition Law Sanctions The end product of any prohibitionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s effectiveness can be found in the sanctions that it imposes. It is submitted that Article 81 and 82 can certainly be deemed effective based on the penalties levied for their breach. Moreover, the European Courtà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s commitment to the efficacy and enforcement of these competition provisions is also manifest on perusal of the penalties it has endorsed. Fines of up to ten per cent of annual turnover can be imposed in cases of breach of Articles 81 or 82. In light of the fact that many of the undertakings concerned are global enterprises with vast turnovers the penalties involved can and are often draconian in size. In Tetra Pak Rausing SA (II) v Commission[18] in 1991 a single fine of 75 mECU was levied against the Scandinavian-based carton board company. 1994 saw a total fine of 248 mECU was imposed on key members of the Cement Producersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Cartel[19] and the Austro-German car manufacturer Volkswagen suffered an individual penalty of 102 mECU for abuse of its dominant position in 1998.[20] Concluding Comments As has been discussed, Articles 81 and 82 of the Treaty of Rome operate effectively and in symbiotic partnership to combat anti-competitive activity in the Single Market. These provisions are lent power and efficacy by the generous and purposive interpretative stance of the Court of Justice and the proactive attitude of the European Commission.. The terms of the Articles themselves are, it is submitted, about as comprehensive and effective as they could be. The enduring weakness of the EU competition enforcement regime, if there is one, lies not in the text of the legal framework but in the lack of resources, in terms of time and manpower, devoted to the policing of the market. THE END GLOBAL DOCUMENT WORD COUNT : 2840 (answer only 2695) I have allowed a small overrun because I decided it was appropriate to reproduce the text of Article 81 and 82 in the answer in extenso and these words should not be counted. BIBLIOGRAPHY Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations (1776) (Great Minds Series) (1991) Prometheus Books.. Steiner and Woods, Textbook on EC Law, (2003) Blackstone Press. Treaty establishing the European Economic Community: https://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/lex/en/treaties/dat/12002E/htm/C_2002325EN.003301.html Tillotson and Foster, Text, Cases and Materials on European Union Law, (2003) Cavendish Publishing Kent, P., Law of the European Union, (2001) Longman Recent Guidance on Fining Policy, Spink, P., [1999] European Competition Law Review, 101-108 Cases as footnoted 1 Footnotes [1] Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations (1776) (Great Minds Series) (1991) Prometheus Books. [2] See the consolidated version of the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community: https://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/lex/en/treaties/dat/12002E/htm/C_2002325EN..003301.html [3] See for further comment and elaboration: Textbook on EC Law, Steiner and Woods, (2003) Blackstone. [4] Previously Article 85 and 86 EC (the Treaty of Rome was renumbered by the Amsterdam Treaty). [5] Cases 6 7/73 [1974] ECR 233. [6] Case 30/87 [1988] ECR 2479. [7] 1973 OJ L296/24. [8] [1978] 3 CMLR 306. [9] (1976). [10] (1983). [11] Cases 89 125-129/85 [1993] 1 CEC 466. [12] Case 15/74 [1974] ECR 1147. [13] Case 41/69 [1970] ECR 661. [14] Cases 40-48 114/73 [1975] ECR 1663. [15] 322/81 [1983] ECR 3461. [16] 6/72 [1973] ECR 215. [17] C27/76 [1978] ECR 207. [18] T-51/89 [1991] 4 CMLR 334. [19] Decision 94/815 [1995] 1 CEC 2092. [20] Recent Guidance on Finin g Policy, Spink, P., [1999] European Competition Law Review, 101-108.

Worldview On Terrorism Terrorism - 1654 Words

worldview on terrorism. Unlike earlier before when terror groups were confined in their countries or particular region, the new form of terror signposted that they could perpetrate terror to the entire world. Evidently, from the recent past attack it’s apparent that their most suitable target is unarmed civilians. They also target the highest number of casualties possible so as to inflict fear and intimidations and consequently pass their propaganda. Modern terrorism can be analyzed focusing on issues such motivation, territorialism and individualism. Assumingly, it is apparent that terrorists are more motivated than ever. Unlike before, most terrorism activities carried out worldwide in the recent past are largely motivated by religion rather than political or economic objectives. Jihad teachers use religion as base of their teaching, and impose ideas to their students or followers (Mamdani, 2002). Their key motivation is religion. Other motivation to terrorism also exists such as politics among others though religious motivated tend to be more severe of all of them. Some time ago, most terrorism activities focused only on places or regions were their goals and objectives were confined. This form of terrorism was mainly homegrown or domestic. After realization of their objectives terror activities were ceased or declined gradually. Modern terrorism has no borders; it can be carried out virtually anywhere. It is more sophisticate d and systematized thus very severe. Its goalsShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Ever Increasing International Terrorism Threat635 Words   |  3 Pagesinternational terrorism which states that not even a superpower like America is immune from these attacks as the main objective behind this the mass destruction. Terrorism can be defined as the specific and deliberate use of violence against civilians in order to achieve political aims. 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On SeptemberRead MoreThe Role Of Religion And Sociological Perspective923 Words   |  4 Pagesreligion, status, race, or culture. I find the world and everything in it to work to perfection for me to believe that we were created by mere coincidence and evolution (concepts that Atheist’s faith may be based on). Therefore, if I have to relate my worldview to a certain denomination, I would accept that my views are closely related to Theism, which is the belief in the existence of one perfect, divine being. In order to understand the concepts of religion in a sociological outlook, I would

Archaism - Definition and Examples

An archaism is a word or phrase (or a particular meaning of a word or phrase) that is no longer in common use and is considered extremely old-fashioned. Etymology:  From the Greek, ancient, beginning Pronunciation:  ARE-kay-i-zem Also Known  As:  lexical zombie A  grammatical archaism  is a sentence structure or word order thats no longer in common use in most dialects.   Linguist Tom McArthur notes that literary archaism occurs when a style is modeled on older works, so as to revive earlier practices or achieve the desired effect. (Source: Concise Oxford Companion to the English Language, 2005) Examples The old man raised the axe and split the head of John Joel Glanton to the thrapple.(Source: Cormac McCarthy, Blood Meridian, 1985)[Nick Faldo] speaks in a jaunty, clipped, wised-up vernacular, mixing street-smart patter with solid analysis. His vocabulary is rich in curious archaisms—jeepers, crumbs, gee—and eccentric asides.(Source: Jason Cowley, Nicks Second Coming. The Guardian, Oct. 1, 2006) 19th-Century Archaisms We do not have to go back as far as Elizabethan English or the Middle Ages to encounter archaisms. Here are some from the Victorian and Edwardian eras: beastly (as in so beastly critical) blest, deuced (if I know) capital! (as an exclamation of delight) very civil (of you) confound you! damnable cheek guvnor luncheon pray (come in) (you) rotter spiffing And might we not say that daddy-o is an archaism, even though it was alive and well in the 1960s? (Source: David Crystal, Words, Words, Words. Oxford University Press, 2006) 20th-Century Archaisms Among the technological archaisms Ive had to explain to the Tuned In children—what a record is, why they call it dialing a phone, the fact that, once, you couldnt rewind TV shows—is the fact that, a long time ago, musicians used to make little movies of their songs, and people would watch them on TV. (James Poniewozik, Wake Up and Smell the Cat Food in Your Bank Account. Time magazine, May 2, 2007) Stuff It is rather odd to see that the OED [Oxford English Dictionary] defines the word care as some kind of stuff. This seems at first glance to be a rather nonspecific definition to find in what is arguably the greatest dictionary ever created. But it is actually very specific—just a bit archaic. The word stuff has had a variety of meanings through the ages, and at the time that this definition was written, in 1888, it referred to (among other things) a woollen fabric or material for the gown worn by a junior counsel.(Source: Ammon Shea, Dated Definitions. The New York Times, Aug. 12, 2009) Archaisms and Register It should be added . . . that there is a problem with the identification of archaism, since archaisms are  sometimes not archaic in the register in which they are used. For example, thee and thou are not archaic forms in a certain type of poetic register; they are archaic only in relation to our contemporary day-to-day speech. Thus the use of an archaism can be interpreted as either conforming to a register or looking back to the past (or both). . . . Only by using a dictionary such as the OED, which is a historical dictionary, giving the meanings of words over time, will you be able to find out whether certain words were current or archaic at the time of writing.​  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹(Source: Martin Montgomery et al.,  Ways of Reading: Advanced Reading Skills for Students of English Literature, 3rd ed. Routledge, 2007) The Lighter Side of Archaisms Frank Rossitano: Yo Tray, we got a problem. Tracy Jordan as President Thomas Jefferson: Pray, who be this Tracy Jordan thou speakest of? Frank: Eh, President Jefferson, we got a problem. Tracy: Speaketh. Frank Rossitano: That horse ate your wig. Tracy: Well, stand guard by his rump and await it in his droppings.(Source: Judah Friedlander and Tracy Morgan in Corporate Crush. 30 Rock, 2007)

Essay about The Atomic Bomb in World War Two - 1311 Words

The Atomic Bomb in World War Two In 1941 the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor, the armed forces of the United States and her allies had been at war with Japan. The combined land, sea and air forces of the allied forces fought back against Japan, until only the Japanese homeland remained in Japanese control. On July 26,1941 President Truman issued the Potsdam Declaration,which called for Japan’s unconditional surrender and listed peace terms. The Japanese were warned of the consequences of continued resistance by the terms of the Potsdam Declaration, signed by President Truman, the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom with concurrence of Chang Kai-Shek, President of the National Government of China. When Japan rejected the†¦show more content†¦Around 1803 John Dalton, an English chemist developed the first useful atomic theory of matter. Amedeo Avogadro, the Italian chemist in 1811 published an article drawing the distinction between the atom and the molecule, which now is known as â€Å"Avogadro’s Principle†. The French team of Pierre and Marie Curie who are known as the parents of nuclear physics came to the realization that the atom has a core, or nucleus. It became apparent that different laws of physics govern the nucleus. In Cambridge England, Sir J.J. Thomson who in 1897 discovered the electron and his pupil Lord Ernest Rutherford discovered the proton. The history of the atomic age was coming right along on a steady pace then in 1905 Albert Einstein wrote the mass-energy conversion equation, and things started to progress very rapidly. In 1932 Sir James Chadwick discovered the neutron, this rovided an ideal projectile for splitting the atom. The final clue to the neutron and atomic energy was when an observation was noted that a peculiar property of the radiation emitted when beryllium is bombarded with alpha particles. In 1938 the discovery of fission of the uranium nucleus by neutron bombardment. In 1940 President Roosevelt organized the National Defense Resear ch Committee, which was determined to develop an atomic bomb. Development and construction of the atomic bomb was the most closely guarded secret in scientific history. This was aShow MoreRelatedWorld War Two and the Atomic Bomb Essay739 Words   |  3 PagesWorld War Two and the Atomic Bomb World War II is one of the most historic points in the history of the world. The war was by far the most devastating in the history of the world. There were many controversial actions during the war, but one of the biggest was the decision by the United States to drop atomic bombs. The atomic bomb should have been used to end the war because it saved more lives than continuing the war. The official bombing order was signed on July 25, 1945, by ThosRead MoreTruman and Atomic Bombs649 Words   |  3 Pagesdropping of the atom bomb. HARRY S TRUMAN amp; THE DECISION TO ORDER THE DROPPING OF THE ATOMIC BOMB Boom! Boom! Seventy thousands Japanese citizens were perished instantly after the first atomic bomb was dropped in Hiroshima on August 6, 1945. Japanese still refused to surrender to Allied forces. On August 9, 1945, with the dropping of the second atomic bomb in Nagasaki, where eighty thousands people were vaporized, Japanese surrendered unconditionally and the World War II ended (â€Å"The DecisionRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb : Manhattan Project1331 Words   |  6 PagesTopic: The Atomic Bomb: Manhattan Project The Manhattan Project was a research and development project that produced the first nuclear weapons during World War II. The Manhattan project was the invention of the first two nuclear bombs, Fat man and little boy. These two bombs were dropped on Japanese islands to end World War II. Math The formula E=MC2 is responsible for the immense power of the Atomic Bomb. E = mc2, equation in German-born physicist Albert Einstein’s theoryRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb On The World War II887 Words   |  4 Pagesdrop two atomic bombs days apart in the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. I completely agree with President Truman’s decision to drop the atomic bomb on the two Japanese cities because I believe it is the main reason that ended World War II. Being from Malaysia, my grandparents often told me stories of their sufferings during World War II. As Singapore’s former Prime Minister concurred, the Japanese soldiers were mean, brutal and vicious towards the civilians, and if the atomic bombs wereRead MoreA Closer Look at the Bombings in Hiroshima and Nagasaki1485 Words   |  6 PagesUnited States to surrender in the war and rejecting each one, the Japanese set themselves up for disaster. On August 6, 1945 the course of history was changed. Two atomic bombs were dropped on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima, and three days later, August 9, 1945, on Nagasaki that ended World War II. Japan had already been a defeated nation from conventional bombs and World War II. Many innocent lives were lost, psychological scars were left on the lives of the bomb survivors, and thus many livesRead MoreThe Manhattan Project1519 Words   |  7 PagesThe process of building the two atomic bombs was long and hard. The Manhattan project employed 120,000 people, and cost almost $2 billion. Although there were 120,000 Americans working on the project only a select group of scientist knew of the atomic bomb development. Vice president Truman never knew about the development of the bombs until he became president. The axis powers did not know what was going on with the development of the atomic bomb; there was a soviet spy in the project. The sovietRead MoreHiroshima And The Atomic Bomb1716 Words   |  7 Pagesdropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima, wh ich was the first time an atomic bomb was used in war. Three days later, the United States proceeded to drop an atomic bomb again on another city, Nagasaki, which was the last time that an atomic bomb has ever been used in the world till today. Soon after the devastating bombings, with thousands of Japanese civilians dead, the Japanese emperor Hirohito surrendered, marking the official end of WWII. Consequently, whether or not dropping the atomic bomb was theRead MoreThe Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki1656 Words   |  7 PagesDid the atomic bomb have to be used in World War II on Japan? There were multiple reasons why the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were necessary. One of which is to reduce the chance of Allied casualties if the war continued. Another reason was to prohibit the possibility that an Axis country such as Nazi Germany, could create an atomic weapon. A third reason or is whether or not the use of atomic weapons on innocent people was worth the media backlash. A final reason is that the workRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb1094 Words   |  5 Pageshelping create the atomic bomb. The idea of the atomic bomb with atoms and fission was not conceived overnight. The scientist from Ernest Rutherford who is from New Zealand to German, British, Japanese, and other scientist from across the globe all contributed to nuclear physics and research on the atom. Most who worked on the famous Manhattan Project were from other countries. The Republic of science was not an actual institution but a belief that the scientists of the world would go beyond politicsRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb Of Hiroshima And Nagasaki884 Words   |  4 Pagescities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki as the atomic bombs were dropped. Thousands of people were killed instantly, with the rest left critically injured. Eventually, it was measured that 135,000 people were killed as a result of these bombs. We know that many people were killed. But how and why were the atomic bomb s created? Who decided to use them? These questions all contribute to the fact that the atomic bombs impacted the world greatly. It all started when World War II began in 1939. Some scientists

Obesity Should Be Stigmatized - 1231 Words

Obesity Should be Stigmatized According to the CDC’s Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity (2015) â€Å"The estimated annual medical cost of obesity in the U.S. was $147 billion in 2008 U.S. dollars; the medical costs for people who are obese were $1,429 higher than those of normal weight† (DNCPAO, 2015, para.1). Obesity should be stigmatized because it is a leading cause of health concerns, those that are not obese are having to foot the bill for those that are, and simply telling people that obesity is unhealthy clearly has no effect. There are many problems in the world today, not the least of which is obesity and rising unhealthy habits. Society has been warned since they were young that obesity can cause major health problems, but that apparently means nothing to them. There is a measure called the body mass index, or BMI, which calculates a relationship between weight and height. A BMI of 25-29.9 is considered over weight and anything higher than that is considered obese. In the 1990’s a significant rise in overweight and obesity occurred, likely due to extended time in front of computers and televisions, the prevalence of supersized food at restaurants, and bad nutrition after leaving your parents’ home to start your own life. Technology has made our lives easier, there is no doubt about that, but there is no excuse for being morbidly obese. Stigmatization, or shaming, those that are not the norm has been around as long as man has existed. It is one ofShow MoreRelatedObesity And Its Effects On Society997 Words   |  4 Pagesone looks, but it is the reaction of society or how society reacts that determines if an act is deviant or not (Goode, 2011). Obesity adheres to Goffman’s typology of stigma and deviance; abomination of the body and blemish of individual character (Goode, 2011). Terms such â€Å"Hog Bodies† or â€Å"Pigs in Human suits† are frequently used because the majority considers obesity as a product of immoral or deviant behavior. Furthermore, individuals that are not fat believe those that are obese became fatRead MoreThe Psychological And Physical Effects Of Obesity1325 Words   |  6 PagesName: Obesity To determine whether obesity is a kind of disease, we need to understand the psychological and physical effect of obesity. Based on our daily experience, I can find that the effect is obvious and significant. But we still need to do further research to find out the extent of these two kinds of effects. Based on the article Psychological aspects of childhood obesity: a controlled study in a clinical and nonclinical sample written by Caroline Braet, Ivan Mervielde and Walter VandereyckenRead MoreWith The Increase In Access To Scientific Research And1288 Words   |  6 Pagespeople today are faced with a dual standard on the issue of smoking tobacco. It is stigmatized to be irresponsible and detrimental to health, yet the â€Å"cool† characters on movies and televisions are shown smoking cigarettes. In some cases, smoking is also seen as a path to adulthood. But due to smoking’s overwhelming detrimental effects on the smoker and the people around him or her, the â€Å"coolness† of smoking should be reconsidered as a moral failing instead. Although the idea of sins arose from monksRead MoreObesity : Obesity And Diabetes833 Words   |  4 PagesFat or simply overweight used to be celebrated and admired, now it’s stigmatized and looked down upon. Getting fat used to give us a genetic edge: When food was scarce, we needed to store backup reserves of energy, because we couldn’t always guarantee when or where we’d find our next meal. However, as our food industry and the infrastructure of our economy changes, so do our views and options. Over the past several years, obesity has become a serious health concern in all around the world, IncludingRead MoreObesity : An American Crises1062 Words   |  5 Pagesto overweight and obesity by sex and race that are statistically significant with the Hispanic group. Among children ages 2 to 19, Hispanic boys are more likely than Hispanic girls to be obese. It is noted that Hispanic boys of this age group, 2- 19 years old are obese (NCLR, 2010). The target audience for this health promotion topic is Hispanic male children ages 2 to19 years residing in Norcross Georgia. This paper focuses on the literature reviews on the prevalence of obesity within this age groupRead MoreSocial Labeli ng And Stigmatizing Minority Children827 Words   |  4 PagesOne must understand the diversity of health issues in dealing with different ethnicity groups in childhood obesities. Since my research data demonstrate that minorities are more likely to be obese than non-minorities, thus I do not want to provide an image of social labeling and stigmatizing minority children who are overweight. There are many factors that play in role in children being obese that must be taken into accounts. One of the factors, the income status of the parents and how it generallyRead MoreEssay on Rhetorical Analysis: Too Much of a Good Thing1292 Words   |  6 Pageschildhood obesity. Overall, Cristers argument succeeds and his audience walks away convinced that childhood obesity is, in fact, an epidemic that plagues children in their own country and that they must act immediately themselves to help fight the fight and insure that it does not become a problem with their own children. One common rhetorical strategy is ethos, which is the use of credible sources to support a claim. Since Crister is a writer and not an expert on childhood obesity himself, itRead MoreObesity : A Complex Problem With Multiple Factors Involved Essay1182 Words   |  5 Pages Obesity is a Complex problem with multiple factors involved. The issue is that various forms of solutions are required to deal with this problem. There is a policy gap which is a minimum number of early child health promotion programs in Atlantic Canada specifically Nova Scotia (Figure 2). Diseases traditionally not seen until adulthood are now prevalent in children as well, such as type 2 diabetes. Some people are not aware that childhood obesity can have serious implications later in lifeRead MoreCauses and Impact of Childhood Obesity1335 Words   |  5 PagesChildhood Obesity Childhood Obesity Obesity is a burgeoning and threatening epidemic that is becoming more pervasive in the United States and around the world as time goes on. While life expectancy in the United States continues to rise, the incidences of obesity-related diseases such as diabetes and cancer are rising alarmingly fast as well. Children are among the hardest hit as they are some of the more vulnerable members of society due to their inability to care for themselves in many waysRead MoreRole of Appearance in the Hiring Process2584 Words   |  11 Pagestoday, take the side of changing â€Å"unfair† treatment and exposing weight discrimination as a problem that bothers society today. Rebecca Puhl, PhD, is the Director of Research and Weight Stigma Initiatives at the Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity at Yale University. Her article â€Å"Public Opinion about Laws to Prohibit Weight Discrimination in the United States† addresses discrimination of overweight people comparing it as equal to rates of discrimination of race. Puhl starts off the article

Obesity And Its Effect On Health - 1217 Words

Over the last few decades, obesity has become a worldwide concern due to its continuously increasing prevalence (1). Especially in Australia, more than 60% of adults, 25% of children are overweight or obese (2). Beyond its potential adverse effect on health outcome and relationship to chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension and heart diseaseï ¼Å'obesity also influences people’s quality of life (3). Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), on the other hand, were frequently referred by scientific literature and public media due its high consumption and possible contribution to overweight and obesity. SSBs are defined as sweetened beverages that do not contain artificial sweeteners, such as sucrose and high-fructose corn syrup, including soft drinks, fruit flavoured drinks, cordials, sports drinks, energy drinks and vitamin water drinks (4). According to the result of 2011-12 Australian National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (NNPAS), Australia is the top 10 hi ghest SSB consumption countries by calculating the per capita consumption of SSB(4). Systematic reviews revealed that findings from large cross-sectional studies, in conjunction with those from well-powered prospective cohort studies with long periods of follow-up have consistently suggested that SSB significantly contributed to obesity epidemics (5, 6) . Evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCT) also found increasing SSB intake contributed to significant weight gain (7). However, the underlyingShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Obesity On The Health834 Words   |  4 Pageswomen’s health topics that can affect all generations of female patients. As future providers, it will be important to identify important women health issues that can possibly be prevented, or the risk of developing the condition reduced with education, health promotion, and wellness for the patient. The patient may need encouragement, a listening ear, or time spent with them to develop a goals and a plan for health promotion. A women’s health topic that is well known is the negativ e effect of obesityRead MoreThe Effects Of Obesity On The Health1393 Words   |  6 Pagesharmfully effect health is defined as obesity (Royal College of Physicians, 1998). Obesity is a developing condition within the population that already affects 1 in 4 adults in England (NICE, 2006). Internationally, being overweight is linked to a range of harmful health problems such as diabetes and heart disease. Obesity can be explained through the use of the nature-nurture debate, as it can be caused by both elements. In this essay, examples and facts will be discussed which show that obesity is aRead MoreThe Effects Of Obesity On Health And Health937 Words   |  4 PagesFactors (E.G., Financial Resources, Access to Care, Insured/Uninsured, Medicare/Medicaid) That Contribute to a Patient Being Able to Manage the Selected Disease Information about obesity is bountiful; however, access to professional healthcare is limited. Traditionally, wealthy families have more time to devote to their health and beauty. They can hire personal dietitians, chiefs, trainers, and medical clinicians, who develop specialized activity plans, and recommend and prepare organic, low-calorieRead MoreEffects Of Obesity On Children Health1139 Words   |  5 PagesEffects of Obesity on Children Health Obesity is a serious medical and psychological condition that affects children, adult, and elderly people. According to WHO, People who are above the normal weight for their age and height are called obese. Childhood obesity has been problem in developed as well as in developing countries. As Cause, it is accepted that increase in obesity results from an imbalance between abnormal intake of unhealthy food and drink and also unable to burn calorie. There is increasingRead MoreEffects Of Obesity On The Health Field932 Words   |  4 PagesObesity Etiologies During the last few centuries, humans’ lives have witnessed a lot of development in various fields. As a result, the change in these fields was reflected on the way humans live their life. One of these fields is health field. Health field had been developing at a miraculous rate. Up until recently, Obesity was regarded to be an overweight; nevertheless, American Medical Association deliberated that Obesity is a chronic disease as a consequence of detrimental life style,Read MoreThe Effects Of Obesity On The Health Organization905 Words   |  4 PagesBeing out of the healthy weight range is called obesity or overweight, which according to The World Health Organization, WHO, (2010 ) is measured by body mass index (BMI), which is the weight of the body over the height squared. People who have a BMI over 25 kg/m^(-2) are considered overweight, while people who have a BMI over 30 kg/m^(-2) are considered obese. Obesity can be the main cause of many cardiovascular disease s. This severe issue can be caused by many factors, and even though thereRead MoreThe Effects Of Obesity On Public Health1917 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Obesity is a traditionally first world health problem that is a growing concern throughout the world because of its negative effects on public health as well as the wider economy. According to both the WHO and the NHS, an individual’s Body Mass Index (BMI), is an imperfect, yet effective tool for measuring obesity. The WHO definition has determined that a BMI of 25-29.9 is classified as being overweight, whereas a BMI of 30-34.9 is considered to be a sign of obesity (World Health OrganizationRead MoreThe Effects Of Obesity On The Levels Of Health1008 Words   |  5 PagesTaylor Harkness 1/12/16 Mr. Balhorn’s Class Individual physical education is important on many levels of health. Being fit can have many positive outcomes in life. Two of these are decreasing risks of being ill, and the ability to get around and move easier. 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Obesity appears to be more prevalent in low-income family sectors of American society regardless of the type of community. Diet is one of the most significant contributors to health and illness. It is widely known and accepted that excessive intake of certain nutrients, or lack of nutrients can adversely affects health. Research mentioned that the importance to be aware of the dietary practices of members of the family with which we are teaching to recognize potential threats to health and to

Cyber Bullying And Its Effects - 1146 Words

Cyber bullying as defined by (Mason, 2008, p, 325) is â€Å"an individual or a group wilfully using information and communication involving electronic technologies to facilitate deliberate and repeated harassment or threat to another individual or group by sending or posting cruel text and/or graphics using technological means†. Cyber bullying is also any behaviour performed through electronic or digital media by individuals or groups that repeatedly communicates hostile or aggressive messages intended to inflict harm or discomfort on others beyond the school grounds, and follows targets into their homes (Patchin Hinduja, 2006). Cyber bullying did not exist until a decade ago, yet the problem has become a pervasive one today. Cyber bullies do not necessarily have to be strong as is sometimes found in traditional bullying, all they need is a Smartphone or computer to terrorize. More than 97% of youths are connected to the Internet in some way. The number of youths who use the Internet at home is rapidly growing; over 66% of youths are able to go online from the comfort of their bedrooms. Cyber bullies do not have to fear that there would be a face-to-face encounter with their victims. The anonymity of cyber bullying may attract youths who are not capable of traditional bullying to become cyber bullies (Poland, 2010). The use of social media has the ability to create emotional distress through receiving threatening, harassing, or humiliating communication from another youth.Show MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Bullying And Cyber Bullying1811 Words   |  8 PagesThe effects of bullying and cyber bullying in today’s society have grave consequences that can lead to the untimely deaths of many children throughout the nation. In the past there have been numerous incidents involving teenagers shooting up schools and most recently children taking their own lives because they were tortured, teased in school, and made fun of online in their very own homes. What is a bully and what can we do to prevent our children from harming themselves and others because of theseRead MoreCyber Bullying And Its Effects1411 Words   |  6 PagesStudies indicate that cyber-bullying incidents have quadrupled in past five years (Ross). Cyber-bullying has become a huge issue recently. Every time you turn on the news there is another bullying, or a suicide related to bullying, incident being reported. â€Å"Love is louder† has been a common phrase among celebrities and influential figures lately. They are trying to send out a message to their followers saying that bullying is not right and should not be tolerated. The expansion of communication technologiesRead MoreCyber Bullying And Its Effects1411 Words   |  6 PagesStudies indicate that cyber-bullying incidents have quadrupled in past five years (Ross). Cyber-bullying has become a huge issue recently. Every time you turn on the news there is another bullying, or a suicide related to bullying, incident being reported. â€Å"Love is louder† has been a common phrase among celebrities and influential figures lately. They are trying to send out a message to their followers saying that bullying is not right and should not be tolerated. The expansion of communication technologiesRead MoreCyber Bullying And Its Effects952 Words   |  4 PagesCyber-bullying is a term that has only gained notoriety in the past few years. Like many things that adapt to their surroundings, cyber-bullying is no exception. As new ways to socialize appear every year, it is a great tool for children and adults alike to communicate with friends and family. However, it can also turn into a tool of terrorization just as easily. The term bullying is usually defined as aggression that is intentionally carried out by one or more individuals and repeatedly targetedRead MoreCyber Bullying And Its Effect On Society1536 Words   |  7 PagesBullying has been an extreme issue all around the world for hundreds of years, and since modern technology has advanced, so has cyber bullying. â€Å"‘Gimme’ your lunch money† has turned into texting and posting gruesome threats and embarrassing material all over social media. Millions of kids all over the world have taken their own lives due to the harmful effects of cyber bullying. Problem s that cannot be resolved independently are brought to court, and the government has become increasingly involvedRead MoreCyber Bullying And Its Effect On Society1201 Words   |  5 PagesINTRO Cyber bullying is any form of bullying that takes place over the internet, whether via texts, twitter or other forms of social media. Approximately 52% of children have reported being cyber bullied at one point, or another*. While this number may not seem catastrophic, this statistic is based only on the instances of cyber bullying that have been reported. The reality is that there are many more children who have been cyber bullied, and did not tell anyone that it was happening to them. AnotherRead MoreCyber Bullying And Its Effect On Society Essay1396 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction There are two specific types of bullying. Bullying in itself and cyber bullying are two of the worst and most aggressive behaviors teenagers are involved in these days. No matter how this problem comes about or what process individuals go through to get to this point, it is an irresponsible yet dangerous form of action. Bullying in any form can cause harm to the victim, even death. Making a choice to be a bully is like that of building a bad character for one’s self. Definition CentersRead MoreCyber Bullying And Its Effects On Society1283 Words   |  6 Pagesis also now being used to cause harm to people. Cyber bullying differs from traditional physical bullying, because it occurs through emails, texts, or social media. The person behind the computer can remain anonymous because the internet allows individuals to make up false information. Negative effects, such as depression, suicide, and anxiety are some factors resulted in cyber bullying. There is a strong emotional impact caused by cyber bullying due to the lack of remorse demonstrated online.Read MoreThe Eternal Effects of Cyber Bullying1196 Words   |  5 Pageslends itself to advancements such as cyber bullying, allowing predators of all ages to interrupt what should be the safe haven in life; home. The eternal effects of cyber bullying on the victim and their families is potentially fatal as pointed out in the May 2013, Journal of Youth and Adolescence article by, published authors and psychology graduate’s in adolescent studies, Brett Litwiler and Amy Brausch. The article not only identifies this form of bullying as a problem but Litwiler and BrauschRead MoreCyber Bullying And Its Effects On Children1314 Words   |  6 PagesBullying, according to Oxford Dictionary, is the use of â€Å"superior strength or influence to intimidate, typically to force someone to do what one wants.† Growing up, the only bullying that I have witnessed is on the television. The majority of people perceive a bully as a tough boy threatening another for his lunch money, but times have changed in unison with technology evolving. One of the overwhelmingly popular uses of the internet is to contact friends and relatives by posting pictures and sending

Ancient Greek Civilisation Essay Example For Students

Ancient Greek Civilisation Essay The earliest Greek civilization thrived around 4,000 years ago. Some of the things thatthey had that we still use today are the arts, science, math, literature, and politics. TheGreeks were known for their great intelligence, military strategies, and their buildings. All Greeks spoke the same language. This made it easier to trade and tocommunicate between different parts of the country. All Greeks believed in the same godsand also shared some common heritage. The Greeks believed that there was a god foreverything on earth. A few examples of these gods are Zeus, ruler of the gods. Posidonwas the god of the ocean and Hades, god of the under world. The Greek government was not a monarchy with a king and queen. Instead theGreek government was a city-state. A city-state is when each city has its own separatepolitical unit. The men were a very important part of the Greek civilization because they werethe ones that ran the government. The men were also the ones who would plant and workthe fields or would oversee them. They would also spend time sailing, hunting, ormanufacturing things for trade. For fun, the men would attend drinking parties, wouldwrestle, and enjoyed horse back riding. When the men held drinking parties for his friendsthe wives and daughters were not aloud to attend. The women in the Greek civilization were very limited to what they were allowedto do. They were permitted to attend weddings, funerals, and visit female neighbors forbrief periods. The main responsibility for the women were to bear children and to watchover the house and make sure it was cleaned by one of the slaves because women wererarely ever responsible for cleaning the house. Women slaves were the cooks, cleaners,and sometimes even worked in the fields. The male slaves would act as a guard andwould stand at the door and protect the women when the man was away. Only otherwomen were allowed to enter when the man was away. Women were not allowed toparticipate in the Olympic games except for the chariot racing, which they were onlyallowed to participate in if they owned a horse. There were several different ways in which a person could be made a slave. If youwere captured in battle then you could be sold as a slave. If a child was abandoned andthen was found he could be kept by the person as his slave or could be sold. Sometimes apoor family might sell their baby as a slave to earn some money and in hopes that the babymight have a better life as a slave than with them. The worse thing that could happen tosomeone that was then put into slavery was when the baby or child was kidnapped andsold for money. Many houses in Greece in the 5th and 6th century were made up of clay, stone,and wood. They usually had two to three rooms and were built around an open aircourtyard. If you were richer you might have had a kitchen, mens drinking area, andmaybe even a room for bathing. The Greeks used an irrigation system to get water to their crops which consistedof olives, grapes, and figs. They would also keep goat to get milk and cheese. ManyGreeks made their own wine which was a very popular thing in Greece. Meat was veryexpensive and was rarely eaten but was often used for religious sacrifices. The types of clothing that the Greeks wore were wool in he winter and linen in thesummer. Since Clothing was very expensive to buy most families made their own clothesand just bleached them white or a bright color. All cloths if made at home were made bythe mother, daughter, or female slave. .u7d7ad9ecb1d2914e39ed8c624fa4cc2e , .u7d7ad9ecb1d2914e39ed8c624fa4cc2e .postImageUrl , .u7d7ad9ecb1d2914e39ed8c624fa4cc2e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7d7ad9ecb1d2914e39ed8c624fa4cc2e , .u7d7ad9ecb1d2914e39ed8c624fa4cc2e:hover , .u7d7ad9ecb1d2914e39ed8c624fa4cc2e:visited , .u7d7ad9ecb1d2914e39ed8c624fa4cc2e:active { border:0!important; } .u7d7ad9ecb1d2914e39ed8c624fa4cc2e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7d7ad9ecb1d2914e39ed8c624fa4cc2e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7d7ad9ecb1d2914e39ed8c624fa4cc2e:active , .u7d7ad9ecb1d2914e39ed8c624fa4cc2e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7d7ad9ecb1d2914e39ed8c624fa4cc2e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7d7ad9ecb1d2914e39ed8c624fa4cc2e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7d7ad9ecb1d2914e39ed8c624fa4cc2e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7d7ad9ecb1d2914e39ed8c624fa4cc2e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7d7ad9ecb1d2914e39ed8c624fa4cc2e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7d7ad9ecb1d2914e39ed8c624fa4cc2e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7d7ad9ecb1d2914e39ed8c624fa4cc2e .u7d7ad9ecb1d2914e39ed8c624fa4cc2e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7d7ad9ecb1d2914e39ed8c624fa4cc2e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Perceptions of Administrative and Academic Support EssayWe use many of the things that the Greeks have discovered today in our modernsociety. We should be thankful that we have used merchants to create cultural diffusion. If we hadnt done this than we wouldnt have many of the things that we consideredimportant or even vital to our society. History Essays

The Case of Leo Frank and How ... free essay sample

The Case of Leo Frank and How It Impacted AmericaLeo Frank was a Jewish superintendent of a National Pencil Factory in Atlanta Georgia who was convicted in 1913 of the murder of a gentile girl, a 13-year-old employee, Mary Phagan. It is argued that Frank was falsly convicted in this case, maybe because of his race. Many factors led to Leo Franks conviction and later his death. The case drew attention to the governor of Georgia and the U.S. Supreme Court and was felt all over the nation. The state of Georgia was inflamed over the case and it allured the whole country. The Trial of Leo Frank showed that rising tensions in the early 1900s America included progression of racism, especially anti-Semitism, as well as child labor laws.Suspicions and many different stories arose of who the actual murderer could be, fingers were pointed at different suspects for different reasons including racism, religion, and class. We will write a custom essay sample on The Case of Leo Frank and How or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The first suspect was the watchman for the National Pencil Factory, Newt Lee. Lee found Phagan in the basement when he was going down to use the Negro toilet. Lee was investigated for three days and put in the city jail. Lee could be an obvious suspect because he was at the bottom of the social class, worked as just the watchman, and represented a race that was usually blamed for crimes and punished crimes and incidents that they did not commit. For many years prior to the 1900s, blacks would be convicted for crimes that they did not commit just because they were not liked but the white race. On the day of the trial Lee testifies that on the evening of the murder he received a call from Frank, something that apparently had never happened before, asking if things were okay at the factory.Jim Conley, a twenty-seven year old black sweeper at the factory was also trialed for the murder of Mary Phagan. Conley had an abundant amount of evidence that pointed to him. There were two murder notes found at the scene of the crime and Conley confessed to writing them, although he claimed he wrote them for Frank who had called him into his office the day before the murder. Conley then changed his story to say tha t Frank had asked him to guard the door while he engaged he sexual activity with Phagan, but things went wrong when Phagan hit her head against a machine and Frank wanted Conleys help disposing of the body. One of the murder notes read a long tall negro blck that hoo is wase. He had even been seen by foreman at the plant washing a bloody shirt. The Solicitor Hugh Dorsey and Conleys own lawyer, William Smith worked with Conley during late night sessions to try and get him to be the most effective prosecution witness. Over the timeline of the trial the defense drove Conley with questions and got him to admit that he had lied several times to the detectives and did not have a very good memory. Luther Rosser, Franks lawyer, said that the the jurors shouldnt allow themselves to be fooled by a trained parrot discussing how a black man could not testify for himself and fool a jury like Conley had but he had been trained by his lawyer on how to act in front of the jury. Conley admitted to striking Phagan with his fist and knocking her down to the basement and planning to blame it on the watchman, Newt Lee because he knew he would be easy to frame being a lower class black man of this time. T hrough all the evidence pointing towards Conley in committing the crime because anti-Semitism was growing so much in Atlanta and in the South, the jury was easily persuaded by Conleys story. The third and final suspect for the trial was Leo Frank, superintendent of the factory, and the man who was ultimately charged with the murder of Mary Phagan. When Frank came to the stand he had a story completely different from Conley and finished his argument by saying Conleys testimony was a tissue of lies from first to last. Frank stated that he was so busy when Phagan came to collect her pay and at the time did not even know her name but only recognized her from seeing her around the factory. Many women who formerly employees at the factory were questioned on Franks reputation towards women, where many of them replied that it was bad and that he was seen talking to Mary Phagan two or three times a day. After Frank had already been charged as guilty came retractions from people who had given testimonies against Frank, including the women who stated Frank had a bad reputation regarding women in the factory. The witnesses who gave false statements said that they had been encourag ed by detectives and investigators to give false statements or to not tell the truth. Evidence proving Frank innocent was constantly overlooked because people did not want to believe or accept the fact that a Jew was innocent. Defense Attorney Reuben Arnold stated that Frank was a victim of anti-Semitism and that if not been a Jew he would have never been prosecuted. Atlanta used Frank being a Jew as justification for his presumed guilt. Hate came easy for the people of Georgia against Frank with him being a Yankee Jew, and Mary Phagan being a southern girl from Georgia. This represented Atlanta and Georgia as whole because it was the southerners from Georgia who were hostile towards Northerners and Jews. Frank was an outsider a midst white Protestants. The people of Atlanta pointed at Frank so the jury and judges did too. After all the previous crime in Atlanta throughout the years the people of Georgia were enraged with what had happened in their hometown and wanted justice. Frank was the perfect target for their justice being a foreign Yankee-Jew representing industrialization and immigration, all things that southerners were against. When found guilty people lined the streets of Atlanta cheering. An unbiased statement that appeared in the Chicago Tribune, reads that from the hue and cry that was raised in Atlanta that someone be punished as a lesson to others and in expiation of the crimes that had been committed. The lynching of Leo Frank sparked the forming of different organizations. Members of an enraged Jewish community met to create the Anti-Defamation League to try and fight anti-Semitism. Also, members from a group that called themselves the Knights of Mary Phagan gathered on the top of a mountain on the outskirts of Atlanta and formed the newest Ku Klux Klan of Georgia.The Leo Frank case drew attention nationwide as newspaper articles from across the country questioned the innocence of this Jewish man. The New Orleans Jewish Ledger states Sad to say, the old, and, as we thought, outworn, religious prejudice against the Jew was employed in full force, and was determined to hang the Jew, In the San Francisco Emanu-el reads, No one can deny that under the circumstances the execution of Frank would be a travesty of justice. And as well as in the Brooklyn Times reads Frank was adjudged guilty not because he was guilty, but because of unreasoning race prejudice against him. There is a very prevalent belief throughout the country that Frank did not have a fair trial that he was being through racial prejudice just because the city had the ability to.Child labor laws were in place in the 1900s but widely ignored. Children would word for as little as twenty-two cents a week. The incident happened within the factory where young Mary Phagan worked long hours for small wages. If children of such young ages were not forced to work I sweatshops and factories maybe this crime might never have happened.

Chaucer Biography Essay Example For Students

Chaucer Biography Essay Although we can see some changes in types of characters, people today are relatively the same as they were during the Middle Ages. Some Chaucerian characters, such as the Parson, the Summoner, or even the Doctor, can relate characteristically to modern-day characters. When compared with the Chaucerian Doctor, the stereotypical, modern-day witch doctor relates similarly. With few exceptions, such as types of clothing, the Doctor and witch doctor are different The brightly colored, expensively made clothes(ll. 449-450) would be substituted for dark, black, flowing robes. The Doctors eyes full of strength and intellect. The witch, full of power and demon possession. Despite their differences, their likeness of their actions are greatly similar. They both make magic charms and effigies(l. 428) with their demon possessed hands. They create potions and supposed magical elixirs, manifested from cited chants passed down from other generations. They are perfect practicing physicians(l. 432), given that they know the cause of every malady and infliction the body can withstand(ll. 429,430). They appear to many as one to provide an extended hand to anyone in need. But there is a price to be paid for their services, and their eyes cannot oversee the wealth tha t is due to them. The Doctor then is the same as a witch doctor now, with their appearances different, but their intentions and thoughts the same. Stereotypes are seen only in the imagination. And it is in the imagination from which a television evangelist is characteristically similar to Geoffrey Chaucers Summoner. The evangelist is a deceiver to many. He quotes scripture of Biblical content, to put forth an act or display that he might appear unto others as a man of God. The Summoner is much the same. When he is drunks, he babbles relentlessly of common Latin phrases that he had memorized from the Church services(ll. 655-659). The Summoner has been referred to be as hot and lecherous as a sparrow(l. 640), giving new meaning to the purpose of many great evangelists falling out from the ministry. Their reasons are those of lust and adultery. Both are deceivers of men in that they appear to be to many as being righteous men. It is only on the inside that reveals the evidence of deception. Let God be true, and every man a liar.A tree can be determined by the fruit that it bears. The Parson, according to Chaucer, is that tree of w hich bears much fruit. Much the same can be spoken about the pastor of the church of which I attend, Reverend Wayne Miller. A true man of God, one of righteousness, can be depicted by the fruit that is produced from the love in ones heart for God. Pastor Miller can physically be drawn from extravagant, wool suit and tie. Suspenders tightly clamped to his matching dress pants. From his balding red hair, to his sparkling dress shoes, Wayne is full fledged, truth conveying minister of the Word of God. Although no physical descriptions apply to the Parson, it would be agreed that, a good name would be rather to be chosen than great riches. The Parsons words could instigate thoughts of greatness: If gold rusts, what then will iron do?(l. 510) Bible practicing Christians are they both, for it can be accounted for that they practice what they preach, before they preach it(l. 507). The Parson is an educated man, but financially, he is poor. Pastor Miller is also an educated, but considers h is wealth to be based on how close he can procure to Gods heart. Chaucer speaks of the Parson as an example to those he has taught and in his own words, I think there never was a better priest (l. 534) The praises and exaltations Pastor Miller has received, and also, how he has been acclaimed from every member, it can be pondered upon how much more praises would Chaucer conclude to this great Parson. Their response to such praises could conclude: I do it all for the glory of God.Looking back, the changes can be seen in society, technology, as well as in general thought. However, the personalities are being relived time and time again. The style of clothing fades with each passing era, but the intensity of thought and personality combined, will regenerate in some individual with each passing generation.